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Management, Operations

Lean Production | Just-In-Time – Supply Chain Management

This article will explain how lean manufacturing came into existence and how the just-in-time system was started. The Toyota Company was the one that established these concepts in the Operations and Supply Chain of the Car manufacturing industry. Almost all companies are now using these concepts to deliver the desired outputs efficiently. One of the most outstanding companies in the world is Toyota. Additionally, Toyota is a firm that has practically every reason to fail, which is what makes it even more impressive. Japan had extremely few natural resources and a limited population because of its small size. Because of this, both labor and raw materials were quite expensive. Japan also frequently experiences natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis, which could destroy your factory in minutes. Thirdly, World War 2 broke out while Toyota was only two years old, and bombs fell from the sky. Furthermore, even surviving was a significant concern at the time, let alone doing business. Additionally, Japan’s economy was in utter disrepair following the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and World War 2. Finally, despite all the odds against them, they were in a direct rivalry with American industry behemoths like General Motors and Ford Motor. Despite these challenges, Toyota has become one of the world’s most prosperous automakers. In 2008, it even overtook Germany as the world’s top automaker. Toyota’s market capitalization surpassed that of Ford, General Motors, and Honda in 2016. This raises the question of how Toyota thrived in such challenging market conditions. What was their actual business plan? What, more importantly, can we take away from this excellent case study? This tale takes place in 1950 Japan, 13 years after Toyota’s founding, when that country was in total disarray following World War 2. Toyota nearly made it through the war by alternating between producing trucks and vehicles for the military. Even after 13 years of work, the company’s condition was so dismal that Toyota Motors built just 11,000 cars in the entire year. On the other hand, Ford Motor Company manufactured more than 1 million cars during the same period. And because of this stark difference in output, Toyota’s top manager EG Toyota and several of his engineers visited the Ford Rouge facility to observe how they improved their manufacturing procedures. However, following this trip, they concluded that replicating and enhancing the rouge system would not be effective in Japan. Why? Because Toyota’s financial situation was extremely precarious. Additionally, Japan was still recuperating from the negative impacts of the World War, which left the nation cash- and foreign exchange-starved. Toyota could not purchase the most recent Western production required to increase production and enhance production efficiency. Therefore, Toyota could not compete with American firms in the two most essential production components: capital and machinery. Any ordinary engineer would now quit at this point and claim that he could never compete with the Americans. However, EG Toyota founder Kiichiro Toyoda was not a typical engineer. Even though he knew the odds were stacked against him, he and his team continued to work tirelessly to figure out how to create a system that competes with American manufacturers. And it was at that point that they understood that, even though they could not compete with the Americans in terms of capital and apparatus, there was one critical area in which they could defeat them, and that area was efficiency. He, therefore, developed the concept of the LEAN PRODUCTION SYSTEM. To save money on the cost of machine parts and raw materials, EG Toyota realized that US manufacturers’ typical mode of operation was to first predict demand to a certain extent before placing bulk orders. The corporation will construct 200 red vehicles, 500 black cars, and 300 grey cars if three different car colors must be sold: red, black, and grey. These cars will be ready for delivery and kept in inventory until the order is placed. And they are taken out and delivered to the consumer right away once the customer placed the order. However, the Toyota team discovered a significant issue throughout this process, which in turn caused a string of four significant inefficiencies. And it was the elimination of these inefficiencies that propelled Toyota to billion-dollar status. It altered how the automobile industry operated and the global supply chain. What were these inefficiencies, and how were they resolved? Did the Toyota team resolve team discover that manufacturing always used to create more automobiles than was needed and never ran a deficit when demand forecasting took place in the United States? As a result, it frequently results in an over-allocation of resources. This resulted in the hiring of extra employees, the acquisition of more equipment, and the stockpiling of more supplies and goods. And as a result, the total cash costs increased without adding value. Second, extraneous personnel, machinery, and supplies inevitably result in overproduction. The third waste resulting from overproduction is an excessive stock of finished goods. In this instance, if there are 1000 different cars created, a significant quantity of land is being used, which raises maintenance, labour, and shipping expenses significantly. Finally, when all of these combined methods result in unnecessary capital investment, which is the fourth sort of waste, do you realize that, for instance, if a loan of $1 billion has been obtained and is used for overproduction, it will accrue an absurd amount of interest costs and result in extremely high prices with no return on investment? Additionally, this results in increased administrative expenses, depreciation charges, etc. Right now, it appears as though many things need to be adjusted at first. However, there was just one issue at hand when the Toyota team identified the source of this issue. Demand forecasting resulted in over-inventory, which in turn caused a chain reaction that produced the four forms of waste. So, do you know what Toyota decided to do away with two of the supply chain’s most essential components: inventory and demand forecasting? Toyota created a supply chain with

Travel and Trips

Is Goa worth visiting in New Year?

Goa is one of the most popular travel destinations for Indian tourists due to its immaculate beaches. The spectacular coastline of more than 100 kilometres in Goa, dotted with hundreds of magnificent beaches, offers breathtaking vistas and tranquillity where visitors can unwind and enjoy the sun. The state of Goa in western India borders the Arabian Sea. Before 1961, it had a long history as a Portuguese colony, as evidenced by the region’s tropical spice plantations and churches from the 17th century that have been preserved. I recently went to Goa to celebrate the New Year 2023 with the family. In this article, I will describe why Goa is best and not so best in December if you are mainly heading here for New Year’s Eve. I just travelled to Goa a week before to celebrate the New Year with my family, and I’ll list some of the finest and worst things you should keep in mind before going there around this time. It was an impromptu journey. On Thursday, December 28, in the late afternoon, my father gave me a call and informed me that he would be taking the entire family of six to Goa and had already reserved rooms at one of the top hotels close to Calangute Beach in North Goa. Dad and my family arrived in Pune around 12.30 a.m. on December 29, and at 1 a.m. sharp, we all left for our impromptu trip to Goa. Some people slept, while others enjoyed gazing out the windows at the lovely, tranquil nightlife. From Pune, we travelled through Satara, Kolhapur, Gadhinglaj, and ultimately Goa Calangute. Google Maps sent us to Gadhinglaj rather than Amboli ghat when we arrived in Kolhapur. Compared to the Amboli ghat, the Gadhinglaj ghat was scarier, narrower, and more silent. Around six in the morning, the fuel was about to run out; there were no lights, no houses, and even the mobile network wasn’t working as we made our way toward the bottom of the ghat. At the moment, we all believed we were lost and could anytime get stopped in the middle of the road. Fortunately, we came across a young child waiting for his school bus, and we stopped next to him to inquire about a nearby gas station. He claimed that a gas station is 16 to 20 kilometres away. Our car didn’t have enough gas to go even five kilometres. We prayed that the automobile would keep going and that we would find a store. After around two kilometres, a little dhaba had gasoline fuel. As a result, the first thing to remember is to ensure you have enough gas to last at least 5 to 6 hours because you never know where Google Maps will take you. We topped the tank, had tea, and departed for Goa. The morning was so peaceful and lovely. Every day, I hoped for such days. We reached Goa by 8 a.m. We reserved a room at Neelam’s The Grand in North Goa, 800 meters from Calangute Beach. So, following the exciting night. We had more adventures planned for the day. We learned that the rooms wouldn’t be accessible until after 10.30 when we arrived at the hotel to claim them. We decided to have breakfast at one of the close-by eateries and then visit the beach until 10:30 if we had time before returning to the hotel. In a tiny restaurant, we enjoyed a fantastic south Indian breakfast. Before heading to the beach, we met the hotel receptionist to see if any rooms were available. We were given one room. We decided to get ready so that we could schedule our day later. After taking a short nap, we all had lunch at the hotel at 1:15 p.m. They served a delicious buffet lunch with a variety of foods. By 2:00 p.m., we were on our way to Butterfly Beach in South Goa, 80 kilometres away from where we were staying. After hearing so much about the beach, we’re eager to learn more about it. Due to the new year’s holiday, there was heavy traffic up until Panjim. By 4 p.m., we could have arrived. But it took us 3 hours and 15 minutes to get there because of the traffic. When we arrived at the parking lot, we discovered that there was still another 2 km of walking. We were all looking at one another and wondering where we were trapped. The additional 2 km to the beach was exhausting. Yet we hoped that the beach would be worthwhile. It seemed like we had finally arrived as we drew nearer and could hear the sound of the waves. As we descended onto the shore, we all felt quite depressed as we saw the gathering. Not worth it. Even though it had a lot of hype, the beach is still lovely outside during peak season. The second thing to think about is to avoid visiting Goa around the new year if you prefer quiet, empty beaches with no crowds. You won’t be able to appreciate the peace a beach offers because of the public at this time. We were on the beach for about 30 minutes. We took pictures and videos, dipped our legs in the rushing waves, and then moved on to a neighbouring beach called Agonda Beach. Once more, the two kilometres of walking were chaotic and exhausting. However, we made it to our parking spot somehow. We headed off to Agonda Beach. When we arrived at the beach, it was already nighttime, and we could see no crowds and only a small number of people—maybe 5 to 6—on the sand. The waves glistening beauty reminded me of heaven. We all sat on the soft sand and relaxed, taking in the peaceful surroundings. I’ll share a few photos that my talented sister, who is excellent at clicking photos, took. Overall, it was a wonderful yet exhausting day. On the way to our hotel, we stopped for dinner in

Health and Lifestyle

All you need to know about Yoga, Patanjali and Kundalini Yoga

“Yoga” When you hear this word, the first things that typically come to mind are asanas, meditation, wellness, and India. Yoga is thought of as one of the most efficient fitness regimens in general. This essay will present the entire image of yoga clearly and understandably. To comprehend yoga, we first will understand the person who gave yoga its meaning. Story of PatanjaliYoga MeaningKundalini Yoga Patanjali Let us understand the story of Patanjali as per Shiva Mahapuran and a couple of other scriptures. One day, Lord Shiva appeared as Nataraja and was engaged in a unique form of cosmic dance known as Ajapatandava while in a profound state of bliss. While this happens, Bhagavan Shri Maha Vishnu enters a deep meditation and witnesses Shiva’s cosmic dance. Aadi Sesha, Shri Mahavishnu’s vahanum, asks him if he would also like to see Nataraja’s joyful dance out of keen interest in this unfolding scenario. At that point, Bhagavan Shri Maha Vishnu directs Aadi Sesha to travel to Chidambaram, which is home to Mahadev in the guise of Nataraja and where you can witness Shiva Tandav, a celestial event. Shri Maha Vishnu instructs Aadi Sesha to travel to Chidambaram and serve Nataraja. One day, Gonika, a woman, was praying to Surya Bhagwan for her dream of becoming a mother. As she held her hands in the praying position known as Anjali, with both palms facing the sky, a tiny baby snake fell into her hands. That baby snake was none other than Adi Seisha. Sanskrit described his descent from the sky into her hands as Patan. Her folded hands are referred to as Anjali. Patan plus Anjali, or Patanjali, acquired his name as he dropped into the palms of the heavens, and he became the form of a snake-human hybrid. Therefore, Patanjali served Nataraja in Chidambaram, present-day Tamil Nadu, where Mahadev was worshipped as Nataraja after taking on that incarnation of Adi Seisha as Patanjali. Since the beginning, Naga worship has played a significant role in Indian culture. Even today, people still hold Patanjali in great regard and adore him for his role as an Adi Seisha. Whenever Mahadev is depicted as Nataraja, he is accompanied by two attendants: Vyagrapada, a humanoid half-tiger and half-man, and Patanjali. If one wants to understand Patanjali truly, one needs to know that he is mainly associated with Tamil culture in India. Tamil culture is one of the best and has a vibrant history and tradition. There are 18 Siddhas or Yogis related to Tamil culture, and Patanjali is one of them. Let’s now get to the point of why Patanjali is being discussed. He is the author of three extraordinarily full texts that have benefited humanity in its most crucial spheres. Let’s now examine what they are. Firstly, there is Ayurveda. One of the earliest texts on Ayurveda concerning health and medicine was written by Patanjali and is known as the Patanjali Tantra. This text, ascribed to Sushruta Samhita, focuses on various therapies for the many illnesses that people may experience. It is one of Ayurveda’s oldest sources. The second one is Mahabhasya. Patanjali gave a detailed commentary on Panini’s Ashtadhay. The third, last, and most significant reason we are talking about Patanjali is that he is the author of the Patanjali Yoga Sutras, which serve as the foundation for yoga. What we currently know was revealed by Patanjali. Yoga is much more than just stretching your hands and legs on a mat; it has a much deeper historical background than most individuals who do it now. In this article, we’ll see more precisely how Patanjali is responsible for that. Moving further and summarising the three, Patanjali provided the Patanjali Tantra for physical health, Ayurveda, the Yoga Sutras for spiritual health, and the Mahabhashem for social health, or improved language and grammar in communication. Patanjali stands out among the many texts offered by Rishis or Yogis and in Indian scriptures for one distinct reason. He addressed the three areas of life that are most crucial for everyone: physical, mental, and social health. A higher quality of life is a result of all three. If you quickly reflect, you will see that the origin of yoga was a discussion between Mahadev and Bhagavan Shri Maha Vishnu. The three scriptures on Yoga, Ayurveda, and Mahabhasya that Patanjali provided were finally passed down to his pupil Adi Shankaracharya. Patanjali learned it from both Vishnu and Shiva. Adi Shankaracharya established four peethas—Dvaraka, Badari, Sringeri, and Puri—where his heritage is still carried on, and Patanjali is in his guru’s lineage. The knowledge that Bhagavan Shri Maha Vishnu and Bhagavan Shiva transmitted to Patanjali was shared by Patanjali to Adi Shankaracharya and was shared by Adi Shankaracharya to four pitas operating the magnificent legacy of Patanjali across India. Yoga Let’s now examine what yoga is in plain terms. While numerous scriptures describe what yoga is. The Bhagavad-Gita contains the most straightforward explanation of yoga, which everyone can comprehend. Lord Krishna uses these words to explain them to Arjuna. Yoga is a state of mind that corresponds to being steadfast in the performance of your duty and treating both success and failure equally, sounds easy, but in reality is incredibly difficult to put into practice. Although it’s easier said than done, yoga teaches us to be indifferent to success and failure. Yoga is described by Patanjali as Chittavruktini Rodha, which may appear straightforward but has a profound meaning. Chitta is restrained from any changes by the practice of yoga. The word Chitta can be roughly translated as “mind,” but it refers to a state of consciousness. Let’s move on to the human anatomy. As we all know, the brain is divided into four rather than five main components. The frontal lobe, which consists of four lobes and one cerebellum, is responsible for personality traits, decision-making, movement, and actions. On the other hand, the parietal lobe is more concerned with object identification and the interpretation of physical pain. These are the functions of this

Management, SAP MM

How to customize Split-valuation? – SAP S/4 HANA

What is Split Valuation In Sap S/4 HANA MM module? The user can use the split valuation to maintain different substance prices at several storage sites. A material, for instance, can be created internally or outside. Generally speaking, the cost of the material will vary based on whether it was made internally or outside. Similarly, a material’s price will vary depending on which vendors it was purchased from. In other instances, a vendor may give a different pricing quote for the same commodity for several locations within the same company.In SAP, a material can be configured to have a split valuation to handle these eventualities. The goods movement of a split-valued material must also address this issue if it is batch controlled. Let us customize the Split Valuation in the SAP System. Path -> SPRO ->IMP Guide -> Materials Management -> Valuation and Account Assignment -> Split Valuation -> Activate Split Valuation OR T.Code -> OMVC Click on Activate Split Valuation and activate the first option as shown in the figure. Go to: Path -> SPRO ->IMP Guide -> Materials Management -> Valuation and Account Assignment -> Split Valuation -> Configure Split Valuation Go to Global Types and click on Create. Fill out the details as shown in the image below. Again click on create. The valuation type will be created. Similarly, create one more valuation type – VAL02. Now go back and select Global Categories. Click on create. Fill out the details – Valuation Category (You can set it with any Alphabet) and Description. Click on create and go back. You will be able to the created Global Category in the table below. Now select the T – TATA and click on Types -> Cat. You can find your created Valuation types below in the table. Select VAL01 and click on activate tab below the table. Similarly, do it for VAL02. Select one of them and click on Cat. -> OUs. Activate the plant. Similarly, do it for VAL02 and activate the plants. Now, in MM01 – After entering the initial details, under the accounting section, you will get the field Valuation Category. There you need to enter the valuation category you just created above. Similarly, you will need the Valuation type during Purchase Order creation. I hope this article was useful.

Finance, Management

Buy Side vs Sell Side – Investment Banking

In investment banking, knowing the difference between the sell-side and buy-side industries is essential. But ironically, many of us are unaware of these critical terms. This article will look at the definition of the Sell Side and Buy side, their meaning, and the market players on each side. Sell Side and Buy Side Let us understand what the sell side and the buy side mean. Sell-side in general, the primary thought coming into your mind will be that it is related to selling stuff, right? You are correct. The sell-side sells all sorts of securities, from stocks to bonds to options, on behalf of clients, and they sell it to the buy side. On the buy side, people are looking to invest money on behalf of investors, and they are typically buying securities, so the role of somebody on the buy side versus the sell side is quite different. Let’s look at an example to make it clear. Let’s say Teslas’s looking to create another factory to expand into the electric truck market. To make this factory, they need money, so they’ll get in touch with somebody on the sell side, like an investment bank, to help them raise the money, and the investment banks might propose something like selling Tesla stocks to raise money. The investment bank will then start pitching to the buy side, or the investors, on how exciting Tesla is and why they should invest in let us say the investment bank puts a price tag of $100 per Tesla share. So the buy side will hopefully get excited by this opportunity and decide to invest by buying 250 shares in Tesla. Tesla will receive the money from the investors, i.e., 250 shares*100 dollars = 25000 dollars in exchange for the shares, and for these services, the bank will take a commission to help Tesla raise the money. So, in this example, the buy and sell sides depend on each other; if one of them is not doing well for whatever reason, then the other one is bound to suffer as well. The buy side is about managing clients’ money, where they research how to invest, grow, or mitigate the risk while investing the money. Buy-side While on the other hand, on the sell side, it is about raising money for companies or clients, in this case, by selling things like bonds, stocks, and other securities simultaneously. Another service involves advising clients, so these might be things like mergers and acquisitions. Sell-side Rediscover how firms, buy-side, and sell-side firms work together in the capital markets. For simplicity, the involvement in capital markets is as simple as there are three parties. A party is a company seeking to raise funds by issuing securities. Second, the party with the money and who wants to invest in the company is called the buy side. The seller acts as an intermediary between the buyer and the business, advising on transactions between them. Market Players Let us see who are the market players on each side. Reputable buy-side firms include private equity, hedge funds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), venture capital, wealth management, and other mutual funds.  The most typical representative of the sell-side is an investment bank. Investment banks act as intermediaries connecting sellers and buyers in the capital markets by providing services to both sellers and buyers. In addition, other sell-side market participants include equity research, sales & trading, commercial banking, stockbrokers, and more. Conclusions Both sell-side and buy-side analysts are tasked with tracking and valuing stocks, but there are many differences between the two jobs. Always read and learn about the things and then take the necessary decisions. I hope this article was useful.

Management, SAP MM, Uncategorized

How to create Service Purchase Order (PO)?- SAP S/4 HANA

SERVICE PO Service PO is a type of purchase order document in procurement. A service purchase order or service order is a formal document from a purchasing organization to a supplier to procure the services the supplier provides. Let us create one Service PO in SAP S/4 HANA. Path -> T.Code -> AC01 The screen will appear. Click on Create new. Add the details marked in red, press enter and save the data. You will get a Service PO number generated automatically. Service PO is generated – 1000190 I hope this article was useful.

Management, SAP MM

How to create Goods Receipt? – SAP S/4 HANA

GOODS RECEIPT A GR or Goods Receipt is a movement of goods that posts the receipt of goods from a supplier or production. A GR increases inventory. A GR may be a reservation, a purchase order, or another form of GRs. Steps to create GR from PO Path → SAP Easy Access → SAP Menu → Logistics → Materials Management → Inventory Management → Goods Movements → Goods Receipt → For Purchase Order → PO Number Known, OR You can use T.code -> MIGO Enter the data as shown below and add the PO Number for which you want to create GR. Press enter. The data will be displayed. Add storage location, Select Item Ok and click on check. Check for any errors, if no errors, then Post the document. The document gets posted. GR is posted.

Management, SAP MM

How to configure Valuation Class?

In this article, you will define the valuation classes allowed for a material type. If a user creates a material, he or she must enter the material’s valuation class in the accounting data. Configuration of Valuation Class let us follow the steps below to configure the valuation class for the material master in SAP MM. Step 1: Define Valuation Control Path -> SPRO -> Implementation Guide -> Material master -> Valuation and Account Assignment -> Account Determination -> Account determination without Wizard -> Define Valuation Control Here, you have to check whether the first option – Valuation grouping code active is set as the current setting or not. Go back to the Implementation Guide. Step 2: Group together the Valuation Areas Path -> SPRO -> Implementation Guide -> Material master -> Valuation and Account Assignment -> Account Determination -> Account determination without Wizard -> Group together Valuation Class In position. – select your Valuation Area – T001 Change the Valuation Group Code to a new code of your choice. Save the data and Go back. Step 3: Define Valuation Classes Path -> SPRO -> Implementation Guide -> Material master -> Valuation and Account Assignment -> Account Determination -> Account determination without Wizard -> Define Valuation Classes Click on Account Category Reference Click on new entries Add account reference and description of your choice and save the data. Go Back and Click on -> Valuation Class Click on -> New entries. Add the valuation class, Account reference you created and description of both. This way you are linking the valuation class with the account reference. Save the data Go back and click on -> Material type/ account category reference In position -> Search for your material type – TROH Link your material type to the account reference. Save the data. Configuration of valuation class is completed.

Management, SAP MM

How to create a Purchase Order (PO)? – SAP S/4 HANA

PURCHASE ORDER A purchase order is a crucial document and one of the primary documents of the purchasing department. This document informs the supplier or vendor about the requirement of the material the buyer needs. A PO can be created manually by referring to a PR, RFQ, contract, or delivery schedule, or it can be created automatically. All the information needed to complete the formalities of purchase is contained in a PO. In traditional representation, a vendor receives a PO from the customer company’s procurement department. The vendor accepts the order and sends the requested material according to the quantity and delivery date specified on PO. The vendor sends the material and an invoice, which the customer company receives and then confirms. The customer pays the seller after checking the invoice. The PO is closed after settlement. Two methods of creating a purchase order in the SAP System Step 1: Creating PO automatically Path -> T.code -> ME21N Enter the vendor and press enter. Then fill out the Purchasing organization, Purchasing group, and Company code. In the table, add the material you want to procure from the supplier. Example – MATERIAL 1 Press enter and details will automatically get displayed. Manually enter the plant in the table, PO quantity and Net Price. Click on Check-in in the toolbar and check if any message arrives or not. If a message saying – Control indicators for controlling area T000 do not exist, is popped up then do the following setting. Go to path -> T.code -> OKKP Enter the CO Area in the position box and press enter. Select your CO Area row and click on activate components/ control indicators. Click on New entries. Change the settings as done in the below figure. Add Fiscal year, Activate Cost centres and tick in the box – AA: Activity Type. Save the data. Go again to the screen – ME21N. Check-in again and if a message – No message issued during check arrives, then you can save the data. The PO is created. Step 2: Create manually by referring to a PR, RFQ, Contract, Delivery schedule, etc. Path -> T.code -> ME21N Click on Documents Overview On You can select any of the options below. Here, I will select Request for Quotations. Fill out the data marked in red and click on execute. You will get the number of quotations created for the selected plant and company code. Select any one and click on adopt. Click on check-in. If No message then save the data. The PO is created. I hope this article was useful.

Management, SAP MM

How to create Request for Quotation (RFQ)?- SAP S/4 HANA

Request for Quotation RFQ, or simply quotation, is a document the purchasing team uses to ask the suppliers for a fair price for the products or services they need. The purchasing group prepares a proposal and sends it to some vendors. The vendors fill out the bid form and send it back to the purchasing department, which reviews it and compares it based on price and other criteria. After the purchasing department selects the best offer, it invites the chosen supplier and rejects all other offers. When a purchasing organization receives a PR and cannot locate a supplier for the material specified in the PR, it is forced to issue an RFQ to a pre-selected list of vendors. When a new material is requested on a PR or a request is made for a material that has been ordered for a while, the current cost or the vendors who can supply the material are still being determined. In these circumstances, the purchasing entity may use an RFQ. Let us create RFQ in the SAP System. Step 1: RFQ Creation Path -> T.Code -> ME41 The screen will appear – Create RFQ: Initial Screen You need to select a vendor to whom you want to request for quotation. For the list of vendors, Go to -> MKVZ. This screen will display all the vendors created by you. Go back to the RFQ Creation screen – ME41. Add the required fields and click on Reference to Preq. You can also add the Req. Tracking number, storage location, material group as required by your organization. The box will appear, automatically displaying your requisition number created by you before. (0010001074) Press enter. Screen will appear, you need to enter storage location from the box below. Select any one and press enter. Select the row and click on adopt + details icon in the toolbar. Select the header details and click enter. Add coll. number. You can give any number of your choice. It can be alphanumeric also. Collective number is important as you will need that during comparison of quotations. Click on supplier details after adding the Coll. No. Add Vendor number and press enter, rest all the details will be automatically filled. Use the same procedure for creating RFQs for different vendors by adding vendor numbers and, save the data. RFQ with some unique number will be created. Step 2: Maintaining Price given by the vendors Path -> T.code -> ME47 Enter the RFQ number Press enter and screen will appear. You will have to enter the price as offered by the vendor. Press enter and save the data. Step 3: Comparing the Quotations Path -> T.Code -> ME49 Enter the Collective number and click on execute The compared quotations will be displayed. In this way, you can create the RFQs, maintain them by adding the price received from the vendors and compare the quotations received. I hope this article was useful.

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